Towards Safe and Reliable Artificial Intelligence: Risk Management and Civil Liability in the European Context

Abstract

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented challenges for security and the protection of fundamental rights, as it is an emerging, complex, globalized, and constantly evolving technology. Its ability to generate significant risks in sensitive areas—such as healthcare or transportation—as well as those arising from automated decision-making across various domains or the autonomous generation of content, demands a thorough reassessment of traditional mechanisms of civil liability and risk management.

This paper is based on the premise that a safe and reliable AI requires a robust legal framework capable of safeguarding fundamental rights without hindering technological innovation. In line with this approach, the study examines early legislative responses and initial judicial rulings, with the aim of contributing to the development of a legal regime that fosters trust, safety, and the ethical advancement of artificial intelligence.